A. 瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у︾殑鏍¤鏄浠涔堬紵
緇忎笘嫻庢皯錛屽瓬瀛滀互奼
鈥滅粡涓栨祹姘戔濓紝鏄涓鍥藉彜浠e湥璐ゅ光滅粡嫻庘濅竴璇嶇殑鐞嗚В銆傘婃姳鏈村瓙路瀹′婦銆嬭皳錛氣滄晠鎶媧鑼冭岀煡綆曞瓙鏈夌粡涓栦箣鍣錛岃堜節鏈鑰岃佽寖鐢熸娌誨浗涔嬬暐銆傗濄婃檵涔β鋒鋒旦浼犵畝鏂囷紙鍙擱┈鏄憋級絳斾功銆嬶細鈥滆凍涓嬫矆璇嗘飯闀匡紝鎬濈患閫氱粌錛岃搗鑰屾槑涔嬶紝瓚充互緇忔祹銆傗濆彲瑙侊紝鈥滅粡閭︽祹涓栵紝寮哄浗瀵屾皯鈥濇槸鍘嗕唬涓鍥芥湁蹇楀悜銆佹湁浣滀負鐨勭煡璇嗗垎瀛愮殑宕囬珮鎬濇兂澧冪晫錛岀粡嫻庡﹀簲璇ユ槸鈥滅粡涓栨祹姘戔濅箣瀛︼紝鍏呭垎浣撶幇緇忔祹瀛﹀帤鐢熴佹儬姘戠殑浜烘枃涓諱箟鎬濇兂銆傗滅粡涓栨祹姘戔濓紝鏄浠ユ帰奼傜粡嫻庤繍琛岃勫緥涓哄繁浠葷殑緇忔祹瀛︿漢涓嶆噲榪芥眰鐨勭洰鏍囷紝瀹冨皢涓浜虹殑鐭ヨ瘑銆佽兘鍔涘夌尞紺句細錛屽皢涓浜虹殑鎴愭墠鎶辮礋鋙嶅叆涓烘渶騫垮ぇ浜烘皯閫犵忎箣涓錛岃繖鏄紺句細榪涙ラ渶瑕佺殑涓浣撶礌璐ㄧ殑瀹屽杽涓庝漢鏍間俊蹇電殑鍗囧崕銆
鈥滃瓬瀛滀互奼傗濓紝瀛滃瓬鑰咃紝奼叉輩涔燂紝鍕ゅ媺錛屼笉鍊︺佷笉鎮涔熴傘婂皻涔β峰悰闄堛嬭皳錛氣滄儫鏃ュ瓬瀛滐紝鏃犳暍閫歌鮑鈥濓紝褰㈠規瘡澶╀笉鍊﹀姫鍔涳紝涓嶈戒簬瀹夐歌垝閫傘傘婅祫娌婚氶壌路闄堢邯涔濄嬶細鈥滄湞澶曞瓬瀛溾濄傜殕鏈夊瓬瀛滀笉鍊︼紝鎵х潃鍒昏嫤錛屼笂涓嬫眰緔錛岃嚜寮轟笉鎮錛屽帤寰瘋澆鐗╋紝涓嶈椽鍥懼畨閫鎬韓鍙楃殑鎰忔濄 鏍¤壊 瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у︽牎鑹蹭負钃濈櫧浜岃壊錛屾爣鍑嗕負錛氭搗钃濓紙C錛100錛孧錛50錛孻錛0錛汯錛0錛夛紱綰鐧斤紙C錛0錛孧錛0錛孻錛0錛汯錛0錛夛紝钃濊壊涓轟富鑹詫紝鐧借壊涓鴻緟鑹層傛牎鑹叉剰鈒村備笅錛
钃濊壊錛氫唬琛ㄥぉ絀猴紝璞″緛嫻╃氭繁閭冿紱浠h〃澶ф搗錛岃薄寰佸紑鏀懼寘瀹癸紱浠h〃涓ヨ皚錛岃薄寰佹眰鏄鍒涙柊銆
鐧借壊錛氫唬琛ㄦ竻婢堬紝璞″緛娣℃硦鏄庡織錛涗唬琛ㄧ函媧侊紝璞″緛瀛︽湳紲炲湥銆備唬琛ㄦ竻鐧斤紝璞″緛璇氫俊寤夋磥銆
钃濄佺櫧浜岃壊瀵撴剰瑗胯儲浜哄仛浜恆佸仛浜嬨佸仛瀛﹂棶鐨勫畬緹庣粺涓涔嬭拷奼傘 鏍″窘 瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у︽牎寰界敱鏍稿績鍥炬堛佽儗鏅鍥炬牱鈥淪鈥濆強鍏朵腑鑻辨枃鏍″悕涓瑗垮悎鐠ц屾垚銆
鑳屾櫙鍥炬牱鈥淪鈥濇槸瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у﹁嫳鏂囨牎鍚嶇殑棣栧瓧姣嶏紝鍏跺浘妗堜篃鏄鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴鐨勪笂嫻峰厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︽牎鍚嶇敱鏉モ滄棩鏈堝厜鍗庯紝鏃﹀嶆棪鍏鈥濈殑瑙嗚夊寲琛ㄨ堪錛屽彉浣撯淪鈥濆瘬鎰忔棩鏈堜氦鏇匡紝寰鐜寰澶嶃
鏍稿績鍥炬堟湁涓夊眰鍚涔夛細
錛堜竴錛夐犲瀷鍙栬嚜鍙や唬甯冨竵錛屼綋鐜拌タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛﹁儲緇忎負涓伙紝緇忎笘嫻庢皯銆佸瓬瀛滀互奼傜殑鍔炲︾壒鑹詫紱
錛堜簩錛夐犲瀷涓洪《澶╃珛鍦扮殑鈥滀漢鈥濆瓧褰錛屽瘬鎰忚タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︿互浜轟負鏈銆佷互鏂囧寲浜虹殑鑲蹭漢鐞嗗康錛屼互鍙婂笀鐢熷ぇ鏅轟負浜恆佸ぇ姘旇皨浜嬨佸ぇ鐖辮屽ぉ涓嬬殑澧冪晫榪芥眰銆
錛堜笁錛夊畠鏄瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у︽爣蹇楁у緩絳戔滃厜鍗庢ゼ鈥濈殑鎶借薄鍥懼艦銆 鏍¤ 鈥滀弗璋ㄣ佸嫟淇銆佹眰瀹炪佸紑鎷撯
涓ヨ皚錛氥婂皵闆*閲婅瘋銆嬩弗錛氭暚涔熴傘婂為煹銆嬭皚錛氭瘱涔燂紝涓撲篃錛岄噸涔熴備弗璋ㄤ負娌誨︾涓瑕佷箟銆備負瀛﹁呭湪鎺㈢┒銆佷紶鎵褲佸壋鏂版枃鍖栫煡璇嗘椂錛岄』浠ヨ檾鏁涔嬪績錛屽崥瑙傜害鍙栵紝綺劇泭奼傜簿錛屽吇鎴愪弗鑲冭ょ湡銆佽皚鎱庝弗瀵嗙殑浣滈庛
鍕や凱錛氭槑鏈濋偙嬋銆婂ぇ瀛﹁嶄箟琛ャ嬫湁鈥滃浗瀹惰呬害鏈鏈夋棤絀蜂箣璐錛屼絾鍕よ呭緱涔嬨佹犺呭け涔嬶紝淇鑰呰曚箣銆佸ア鑰呰椾箣銆傚飽紲ヨ皳銆婂ぇ瀛︺嬫ゅ洓璇涓囦笘鐞嗚儲涔嬪ぇ娉曘傗濊タ璐㈠巻浠e笀鐢熷嫟淇娌繪牎錛岃壈鑻﹀嬫枟錛屽綋浼犳壙騫舵案钁嗗嫟淇璐ㄦ湸銆佷笉灝氬ア鍗庛佺悊璐㈡姤鍥界殑浼樿壇鍝佽川銆
奼傚疄錛氬仛瀛﹂棶涓庡仛浜恆佸仛浜嬩竴鏍鳳紝鍧囪佷互璇氫俊涓烘湰錛岃剼韙忓疄鍦幫紝絝嬭凍鐜板疄錛屾眰鐪熷姟瀹炪傝佷互鐞嗚虹煡璇嗕負鎸囧礆紝娉ㄩ噸鎺屾彙瀹炲姟鐭ヨ瘑銆佸疄闄呮湰棰嗕笌瀹炴垬鎵嶅共錛岀粡涓栬嚧鐢錛屽己鍥藉瘜姘戙
寮鎷擄細鍙戝睍紱諱笉寮鍓嶄漢鐨勫犲熀鍜屽壋涓氾紝鏇撮渶瑕佸悗浜虹殑浼犳壙涓庡紑鎷撱備竴涓浜恆佷竴涓瀛︽牎錛岃佸潥鎸佽嚜韜鐨勭壒鑹插彂灞曪紝鏇磋佷笌鏃朵勘榪涳紝榪芥眰鍗撹秺錛岄攼鎰忓壋鏂幫紝涓嶆柇璧嬩簣鍏舵柊鐨勭敓鍛藉姏銆 鏍℃瓕 銆婅タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︽牎姝屻嬨銆榛勫煍嫻h姳椋庨洦闀匡紝鍏夊崕鏌蟲灄璋卞崕絝
鑾樿帢瀛﹀瓙嫻庢祹涓鍫傦紝鍗冮噷涔嬭屼負浜嗘ⅵ鎯
緇忎笘嫻庢皯錛屽叡鎷呭綋
瀛滃瓬浠ユ眰錛屽叴鍥介偊
鍟 SWUFE錛屽晩 SWUFE
姘告亽鐨勫跺洯錛屾濇兂鐨勬垮爞 鍏瀛﹁礬錛氳繖涓璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴涓鍥藉叕瀛︺備腑鍥藉叕瀛︽槸涓鍥芥渶鏃╃殑涓鎵瑰ぇ瀛︿箣涓錛1906騫村壋絝嬩簬涓婃搗錛屽瓩涓灞便侀粍鍏嬪己銆佸畫鏁欎粊銆佽敗鍏冨煿銆侀┈鍚涙︺佹潹鏉忎經銆佷簬鍙充換絳夋浘浠繪牎钁o紝絎涓鎵瑰︾敓涓鏈夎憲鍚嶅﹁呰儭閫傘備腑鍥藉叕瀛︿笉浣嗗巻鍙叉偁涔咃紝鑰屼笖鍏鋒湁鍏夎崳鐨勯潻鍛戒紶緇燂紝甯堢敓涓鏈変笉灝戜漢縐鏋佸弬鍔犻潻鍛芥椿鍔錛屽傚コ鑻遍泟縐嬬懢錛岄粍鑺卞矖涓冨嶮浜岀儓澹涔嬩竴鐨勮艾寰鋒綐絳夈備腑鍥藉叕瀛︿簬1951騫翠笌姝i槼娉曞晢瀛﹂櫌絳夊悎騫朵負閲嶅簡璐㈢粡瀛﹂櫌錛屾″勾騫跺叆瑗垮崡闈╁ぇ錛1953騫撮殢瑗垮崡闈╁ぇ涓夊勫苟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
奼傜簿璺錛氳繖涓璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴奼傜簿鍟嗗﹂櫌銆傜佺珛奼傜簿鍟嗗﹂櫌鍘熷悕縐佺珛奼傜簿鍟嗕笟涓撶戝﹂櫌錛屽壋絝嬩簬1940騫達紝鏍″潃鍦ㄩ噸搴嗗競鏇懼跺博銆1947騫達紝鍟嗕笟涓撶戝︽牎鍗囦負鍟嗗﹂櫌錛岀敱緹庡浗鏁欎細鎵鍔烇紝鍚勭駭璐熻矗浜哄潎涓虹暀緹庡﹁咃紝瀛﹂櫌瀹炶岀編寮忔暀鑲詫紝浠庢垚絝嬪埌緇撴潫錛屽叡姣曚笟瀛︾敓鍗佸眾銆傚﹂櫌鍦1952騫跺叆瑗垮崡闈╁ぇ錛1953騫撮殢瑗垮崡闈╁ぇ涓夊勫苟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
姝i槼璺錛氳繖涓璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴姝i槼娉曞晢瀛﹂櫌銆傚叾鍓嶈韓涓哄壋寤轟簬1946騫寸殑閲嶅簡鏈濋槼瀛﹂櫌錛1949騫存洿鍚嶄負縐佺珛閲嶅簡姝i槼娉曞晢瀛﹂櫌錛屼綅浜庨噸搴嗚В鏀句笢璺銆傚綋鏃剁殑闄㈤暱銆侀櫌钁d簨闀垮潎鐢卞浗姘戞斂搴滃徃娉曢櫌闄㈤暱灞呮e吋浠伙紝鍓闄㈤暱鐢卞浗姘戞斂搴滃徃娉曡屾斂閮ㄦ¢暱銆佹渶楂樻硶闄㈤櫌闀垮忓嫟鎷呬換銆傝仒鏈夐檲璞歸殣銆佹綐澶ц繛銆佸垬瑙夋皯絳夊浗鍐呯煡鍚嶄漢澹浣滄暀鎺堛傚﹂櫌鍦1951涓庝腑鍥藉叕瀛︺佺浉杈夋枃娉曞﹂櫌鍚堝苟涓洪噸搴嗚儲緇忓﹂櫌錛屽悗騫跺叆瑗垮崡闈╁ぇ錛1953騫村張闅忚タ鍗楅潻澶т笁澶勫苟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
鐩歌緣璺錛 榪欎竴璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴鐩歌緣鏂囨硶瀛﹂櫌銆傝ュ﹂櫌鍒涘緩浜1946騫8鏈堬紝浣嶄簬閲嶅簡鍖楃氾紝鍒涘姙鏃舵嫙鍔炰負澶嶆棪澶у﹂噸搴嗗垎鏍★紝鏍″悕鍙栬嚜澶嶆棪澶у﹀壋濮嬩漢錛屽師鏍¢暱椹鐩鎬集銆佹潕鐧昏緣涓や綅鑰佸厛鐢熴傝憲鍚嶇孩瀛﹀跺惔瀹撱佹枃瀛﹀跺緪寰峰旱絳夋浘浣滃﹂櫌鏁欐巿銆傚﹂櫌鍦1951涓庝腑鍥藉叕瀛︺佹i槼娉曞晢瀛﹂櫌鍚堝苟涓洪噸搴嗚儲緇忓﹂櫌錛屽悗騫跺叆瑗垮崡闈╁ぇ錛1953騫村張闅忚タ鍗楅潻澶т笁澶勫苟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
闈╁ぇ璺錛氳繖涓璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴瑗垮崡闈╁懡澶у︺傝タ鍗楅潻鍛藉ぇ瀛︽垚絝嬩簬1950騫達紝鏍¢暱銆佸壇鏍¢暱鍒嗗埆鐢卞垬浼鎵褲佸紶瀛愭剰鍏間換錛屾繪牎璁懼湪閲嶅簡錛屽厛鍚庢嫑鏀跺﹀憳2涓囦綑浜恆傝タ鍗楅潻鍛藉ぇ瀛﹁懼洓涓澶勶紝涓夊勭敱閮ㄥ垎璐㈢粡緋葷戝悎騫惰屾垚錛岀洿鎺ョ$悊璐㈡斂銆佽錘鏄撱佺粡嫻庤″垝銆佸伐鍘傜$悊鍥涗釜緋誨強璐㈡斂銆佷細璁′袱涓涓撲慨縐戙備笁澶勫悇緋葷戜竴鍏卞姙浜嗕袱鏈燂紝1953騫磋皟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
鍗庤タ璺錛 榪欎竴璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴鍗庤タ澶у︺傚崕瑗垮ぇ瀛︽槸鍗庤タ鍗忓悎澶у︾殑綆縐幫紝浣嶄簬鎴愰兘鍗庤タ鍧濓紝絳瑰緩浜1905騫達紝1910騫存e紡鎷涚敓銆1937騫村湪紺句細鍘嗗彶緋誨緩絝嬬粡嫻庡︾粍錛屾嫑鏀剁粡嫻庡︿笓涓氬︾敓錛屼互鍚庣敱浜庤佹眰鍏ュ︾殑浜烘暟閫愬勾澧炲姞錛1940騫存e紡鎴愮珛緇忔祹緋伙紝浠1941鑷1952騫村叡姣曚笟瀛︾敓392浜恆1952鍗庤タ澶у︾粡嫻庣郴璋冨叆鍥涘窛璐㈢粡瀛﹂櫌銆
鍏夊崕鍗楋紙鍖楋級璺錛氳繖涓璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴鍏夊崕澶у︺備笂嫻峰厜鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀壋寤轟簬1925騫6鏈堬紝鐢辨暟鐧懼悕鑴辯葷編鍥芥暀浼氬︽牎涓婃搗鍦g害緲板ぇ瀛︾殑鐖卞浗甯堢敓緇勫緩鑰屾垚銆傛牎鍚嶅彇涔嬩簬鍙よ瘲銆婂嵖浜戞瓕銆嬧滄棩鏈堝厜鍗庯紝鏃﹀嶆棪鍏鈥濆彞錛屼綋鐜頒簡鍒涘姙鑰呭嶅叴涓鍗庛佸弽瀵瑰垪寮虹殑瀹忔効鍜屽厜澶т腑鍗庢皯鏃忕殑綺劇炪傛姉鎴樻湡闂村厜鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀湪鍥涘窛鎴愰兘璁劇珛鍒嗛儴錛屾姉鎴樿儨鍒╁悗錛屽厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︽湰閮ㄥ嶆牎銆傛垚閮藉垎閮ㄤ氦鍥涘窛鐪佸湴鏂規帴鍔烇紝鍙樻洿涓衡滅佺珛鎴愬崕澶у︹濓紝1952騫9鏈堝苟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
鎴愬崕璺錛 榪欎竴璺鍚嶆槸涓轟簡綰蹇佃タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︾殑鍓嶈韓闄㈡牎涔嬩竴鎴愬崕澶у︺1937騫8鏈13鏃ユ棩鏈鍐涢槦榪涙敾涓婃搗錛屾姉鏃ユ垬浜夊叏闈㈢垎鍙戱紝鍏夊崕澶у﹀紶瀵塊暃鏍¢暱閴翠簬鎶楁垬闈炵煭鏈熷唴鍙浠ョ粨鏉燂紝涓庢牎钁d細鍟嗗畾錛屽叆宸濊劇珛鍒嗘牎銆傚垎鏍′簬1938騫3鏈1鏃ユe紡寮瀛︼紝鏍″悕瀹氫負鈥滅佺珛鍏夊崕澶у︽垚閮藉垎閮ㄢ濄1939騫村︽牎鐢卞競鍐呯帇瀹跺潩鏍″潃榪佸埌瑗塊儕鑽夊爞瀵鴻郡瑗匡紝姝ゅ湴鍥犲厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︽垚閮藉垎閮ㄧ殑榪佸叆鑰屽緱鍚嶁滃厜鍗庢潙鈥濄傛姉鎴樿儨鍒╁悗錛屽厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︽湰閮ㄥ嶆牎錛屾垚閮藉垎閮ㄤ氦鍥涘窛鐪佸湴鏂規帴鍔炪傚彉鏇翠負鈥滅佺珛鎴愬崕澶у︹濓紝1952騫9鏈堝苟鍏ュ洓宸濊儲緇忓﹂櫌銆
閲戞矙璺錛氶噾娌欒礬寰楀悕浜庤タ鍗楄儲緇忓ぇ瀛︽墍鍦ㄥ湴緔т復鐨勯噾娌欓仐鍧銆傞噾娌欓仐鍧浣嶄簬鎴愰兘甯傝タ閮婅嫃鍧′埂閲戞矙鏉戙傞仐鍧鎵娓呯悊鍑虹殑鐝嶈吹鏂囩墿澶氳揪鍗冧綑浠訛紝緇濆ぇ閮ㄥ垎綰︿負鍟嗕唬鏅氭湡鍜岃タ鍛ㄦ棭鏈燂紝灝戦儴鍒嗕負鏄ョ嬫椂鏈熴傞噾娌欓仐鍧鐨勬ц川錛岀洰鍓嶆帹嫻嬫湁鍙鑳藉睘浜庣キ紲閬楄抗錛屼篃鍙鑳芥槸鍟嗘湯鑷寵タ鍛ㄦ椂鏈熸垚閮藉湴鍖虹殑鏀挎不銆佹枃鍖栦腑蹇冦傞仐鍧鍑哄湡鐨勬枃鍖栬〃鏄庯紝閲戞矙鏂囧寲涓嶆槸瀛ょ珛鐨勶紝瀹冧笌榛勬渤嫻佸煙鏂囧寲鍜岄暱奼熶笅娓哥殑鑹娓氭枃鍖栨湁娣卞埢鐨勫唴鍦ㄨ仈緋伙紝鍐嶆¤瘉鏄庝簡涓鍗庢枃鍖栫殑澶氬厓涓浣撱
浣忓弸璺錛氫綇鍙嬭礬寰楀悕浜庣揣涓磋ヨ礬鐨勪綇鍙嬭嫅瀹鵑嗐備綇鍙嬭嫅瀹鵑嗘槸瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у︾殑瀵瑰栧悎浣滈」鐩涔嬩竴錛岄儴鍒嗗緩璁捐祫閲戠敱鏃ユ湰浣忓弸嫻蜂笂淇濋櫓鍏鍙告姇鍏ャ傛棩鏈浣忓弸嫻蜂笂淇濋櫓鍏鍙鎬粠1998騫磋搗姣忓勾涓庤ユ牎鑱斿悎涓懼姙涓嬈♀滀綇鍙嬫搗涓---瑗垮崡璐㈢粡澶у︾爺璁ㄤ細鈥濓紝閭璇峰浗鍐呭栦繚闄╁叕鍙搞佷繚闄╃洃綆℃満鏋勫強淇濋櫓鏁欒偛鐣屽悓琛屽弬鍔犮 瀛︽牎鍏夊崕鏍″尯鏄庡痙妤煎墠鑰哥珛鐫涓鏍鎸烘嫈鐨勯搧鏍戱紝瀹冩湁鐫涓孌典笉瀵誨父鐨勫巻鍙層傚厜鍗庨搧鏍戞槸1939騫達紝鐢卞綋鏃跺厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︽垚閮藉垎閮ㄧ殑甯堢敓浠縐嶄笅鐨勩傞偅涓騫達紝姝e兼姉鏃ユ垬浜夋椂鏈燂紝涓轟簡琛ㄨ揪瀵規姉鎴樿儨鍒╃殑娓存湜錛屾牎闀胯阿闇栧甫棰嗗笀鐢熶滑絳硅祫涔版潵浜嗕竴媯靛弻鏍鐨勯搧鏍戝辜鑻楀湪鏍″洯鍐呯嶄笅銆傝繖鏍閾佹爲鏍戝艦濂囩壒錛屼負鈥淰鈥濆瀷錛屽笀鐢熶滑浠ユゆ潵璞″緛瀵規姉鎴樿儨鍒╃殑紲濇効銆
閾佹爲浠庢ゅ憊絝嬪湪鍏夊崕鍥涓錛岄粯榛樺湴瑙佽瘉浜嗗厜鍗庡洯鏁板嶮杞界殑鍙戝睍鍘嗙▼銆傞搧鏍戱紝娓愭笎鎴愪負浜嗗厜鍗庝漢鍧氬繊涓嶆嫈銆佷笉灞堜笉鎸犮佸媷浜庢嫾鎼忕簿紲炵殑璞″緛錛屾垚涓轟簡鍏夊崕甯堢敓鐖卞浗鎯呮鐨勫啓鐓с傚洜姝わ紝姝ゆ爲琚鍛藉悕涓衡滃厜鍗庨搧鏍戔濄